Ubuntu 运行 mongodb 的正确姿势
曾经在多个项目中使用 mongodb,但是最近从头开始安装并启动居然遇到了不少问题。在此记录一下:
环境:Ubuntu 12.04 64bit
版本:mongodb 3.0.2
首先,按照官方教程安装 mongodb。在这个教程中,注意到有一句话
The MongoDB instance stores its data files in /var/lib/mongodb and its log files in /var/log/mongodb by default, and runs using the mongodb user account. You can specify alternate log and data file directories in /etc/mongod.conf.
恩,看来意思是我们可以通过改 /etc/mongod.conf
这个配置文件来设置 data 存放路径。
打开这个文件看看,的确是有这些配置。
# Note: if you run mongodb as a non-root user (recommended) you may
# need to create and set permissions for this directory manually,
# e.g., if the parent directory isn't mutable by the mongodb user.
dbpath=/var/lib/mongodb
#where to log
logpath=/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log
这里假设要用以下命令(称为命令1)启动 mongodb ,指定 wiredTiger 作为存储引擎并标示副本集:
mongod --storageEngine wiredTiger --replSet fbt # 称为命令1
首先我们非常天真地直接执行上面那行命令:
2015-04-23T14:55:16.152+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 29 Data directory /data/db not found., terminating
2015-04-23T14:55:16.152+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] dbexit: rc: 100
Oops,似乎不行,说 /data/db
不存在。这里就是很坑爹的地方了:虽然 mongod.conf
指定了 dbpath
,但是实际上这个配置文件没有起作用!而 mongodb 本身认为 /data/db
才是默认路径。毫无疑问,文档在这方面没有写清楚,因此也有别人被坑过。(后来发现,通过 sudo service mongod start
方式启动会默认使用该配置文件)要想让配置生效,必须手动指定配置文件路径,即:
mongod --storageEngine wiredTiger --replSet fbt -f /etc/mongod.conf
不过这里不打算用这种方式。既然没有 /data/db
这个路径,创建一个不就好了?
sudo mkdir -p /data/db
继续执行命令1,继续报错
2015-04-23T15:17:49.274+0800 E NETWORK [initandlisten] Failed to unlink socket file /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock errno:1 Operation not permitted
2015-04-23T15:17:49.274+0800 I - [initandlisten] Fatal Assertion 28578
2015-04-23T15:17:49.274+0800 I - [initandlisten]
***aborting after fassert() failure
既然它删不掉 /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
,那我手动删。删完之后再次执行命令1:
2015-04-23T15:19:44.972+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 98 Unable to create/open lock file: /data/db/mongod.lock errno:13 Permission denied Is a mongod instance already running?, terminating
2015-04-23T15:19:44.972+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] dbexit: rc: 100
这个是可以预期的权限问题,因为我们是拿 sudo
创建的 /data/db
文件夹,而执行的时候没有用 sudo
。万能的 stackoverflow 告诉我们要这样做:
sudo chown -R `id -u` /data/db
执行之后当前用户就可以在 /data/db
创建文件了。再次执行命令1
fbt@ebs-39239:~/mongodb$ mongod --storageEngine wiredTiger --replSet fbt
2015-04-23T15:29:38.158+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=1G,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),
2015-04-23T15:29:38.264+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=30024 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=ebs-39239
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.0.2
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 6201872043ecbbc0a4cc169b5482dcf385fc464f
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-111-179-219 3.2.0-36-virtual #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 8 22:04:49 UTC 2013 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2015-04-23T15:29:38.265+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { replication: { replSet: "fbt" }, storage: { engine: "wiredTiger" } }
2015-04-23T15:29:38.334+0800 I REPL [initandlisten] Did not find local replica set configuration document at startup; NoMatchingDocument Did not find replica set configuration document in local.system.replset
2015-04-23T15:29:38.351+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
这次终于 OK 了。
如果直接执行,最好是单独开一个 screen。如果不想开 screen,则应当加上 --fork
参数把 mongod放到后台去。我采取开 screen 的方式。退出 screen,执行 ps aux | grep mongo
观察 mongod 是否成功启动:
fbt 29783 0.0 0.0 29476 1676 ? Ss 14:47 0:00 SCREEN -S mongodb
fbt 30042 3.7 1.7 209004 35496 pts/1 Sl+ 15:31 0:00 mongod --storageEngine wiredTiger --replSet fbt
fbt 30059 0.0 0.0 11700 944 pts/0 S+ 15:31 0:00 grep --color=auto mongo
可以看到,mongod 已经按照之前给的参数在运行了。
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